SAT Reading and Writing: Inferences

Inference questions ask you to figure out something that isn't directly stated in the passage—but is a logical conclusion based on the information given. Common phrasing includes "suggests," "implies," "can be reasonably inferred," or "the author would most likely agree that..."

• Stick to evidence: If you can't point to at least two clues, it's not a strong inference.
• Use the "missing step" test: Answers that fill in a small logical gap based on facts are often best.
• Avoid wild guesses: If an answer requires outside knowledge, it's probably wrong.
• Be careful with tone: Negative or positive words signal subtle attitudes or author's perspective.
• Test every word: One wrong word ("always," "never," "only") can spoil an otherwise good answer—watch for extremes.

• 1. Spot the clues: Find specific words, phrases, or facts that hint at something unstated.
• 2. Predict the inference: Summarize (silently or in writing) what you think the passage implies—before reviewing answers.
• 3. Eliminate big leaps: Discard choices that require assumptions not backed by text.

Sample Passage Excerpt:

The experiment’s results were published in three academic journals, although some critics argued the findings were inconclusive. The lead researcher maintained, however, that the data provided new insights into brain plasticity.

What can be reasonably inferred about the lead researcher’s perspective?

Sample Passage Excerpt:

Despite the blaring alarm, David barely stirred under his blanket. He had stayed up late, finishing a project, and now his eyes struggled to stay open.

What can be inferred about David’s current situation?

Sample Passage Excerpt:

In 2015, the number of commuters using public transportation in Metroville was 125,000. By 2023, that number had risen to 158,000. City planners attribute the steady increase to expanded bus lines and improved service reliability.

Which inference is most strongly supported by the data?

Sample Passage Excerpt:

As soon as the bell rang, Maria tucked her notebook into her bag, glanced nervously at the clock, and hurried out of the classroom.

What can most reasonably be inferred about Maria’s actions?

"Lina picked up the empty leash and called out, but there was no answer. She peered under the couch, then ran to check the backyard fence."

• Choosing extreme answers: The SAT rarely asks for "always," "never," or "all/none" conclusions.
• Jumping to outside knowledge: If it can't be found in the passage, don't infer it!
• Overlooking negations: Watch for trick answers inverting the passage's meaning.
• Mistaking a possible outcome for a logical certainty. Stick to what is most reasonably supported.
• Confusing suggestion with proof: Inference is about strong likelihood, not certainty.

• SAT inferences are always backed up by direct evidence from the passage.
• Practice reading with a questioning mindset: "If this is true, what else must be true?"
• Avoid wild leaps in logic; correct inferences are subtle, not extreme.
• Pay attention to tone, word choice, and author’s perspective as major clues.
• When stuck, mentally rephrase the question: "What would the author likely agree with based on this statement?"

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